Peranan Hubungan Muslim dan Non-Muslim Terhadap Kemakmuran dan Keharmonian Sejagat: Suatu Kajian dari Perspektif al-Sunnah

The Role of Muslim–Non-Muslim Relations in Global Prosperity and Harmony: A Study from the Perspective of al-Sunnah

Abstract

Islam is a universal religion addressed to all of humanity as a whole. Its core teachings, in addition to upholding justice and eliminating oppression, call humankind toward prosperity and harmony regardless of race, skin color, language, or culture. This is because humanity originally came from one lineage and one religion—descended from the children of Adam and from the religion of Islam. Over time, however, humankind divided into various races, languages, and religions. The crisis of identity and the loss of the spirit of brotherhood and unity—once the foundation of Islamic life—constitute one of the greatest crises and challenges facing humanity today. This has led to disputes and conflicts that ultimately result in the fragmentation of the ummah. This paper examines Muslim–non-Muslim relations and their role in establishing global prosperity and harmony from the perspective of al-Sunnah. Employing a qualitative approach, primary sources from classical hadith collections and the Prophetic biography (sīrah nabawiyyah) are used as references to obtain relevant data. Additional methods are also utilized in analyzing the data, including istiqrāʾ (inductive analysis) and istinbāṭ (deductive derivation), applied to selected samples from hadith and the Prophetic biography. The aim is to demonstrate the significance of Muslim–non-Muslim relations and their importance as a primary agenda for the ummah. By examining several major events in the Prophetic biography that serve as indicators of the importance of this bilateral relationship—such as the Prophet’s involvement in the Charter of Madinah, the Treaty of al-Hudaybiyyah, and the Conquest of Makkah—the findings show that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) was sent to unite humanity, and that Islam is a religion of unity and cohesion.