QURANICA - International Journal of Quranic Research
QURANICA - International Journal of Quranic Research (ISSN 2289-5396 | eISSN 2590-4167) is an international trilingual (Arabic, English & Malay) peer-reviewed bi-annual journal published by Centre of Quranic Research (CQR), Universiti Malaya. This QURANICA journal has replaced the formerly journal known as International Journal on Quranic Research (ISSN 2180-4893), and it has been considered as a continuation of the previously published issues. It reflects on the full range of current scholarly works on Quranic Studies. All submitted manuscripts will undergo an initial screening by an editor and then a rigorous double-blind peer-review process, and finally, editorial scrutiny. More >>>
Centre of Quranic Research (CQR), Universiti Malaya
Disclaimer QURANICA makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all its contents. However, opinions, discussions, views and recommendations are expressed in this journal do not necessarily reflect the official policy of QURANICA or views of its editors or publishers. Therefore, QURANICA and its publishers will not be liable for any controversy may be arisen. The journal reserves the right, at its sole discretion, to change its terms and conditions of publications. Copyright It is a condition of publication that manuscript submitted to the journal have not been published, accepted for publication, nor simultaneously submitted for publication elsewhere. By submitting a manuscript, the author(s) agrees that copyright for the article is transferred to the publisher, if and when the manuscript is accepted for publication.
Zulkifli Mohd Yusoff & Zaini Ujang (2023), Tafsir Mawdu’i Sungai, Kajang: Akademi Jawi Malaysia. 251 Pages, ISBN 978-967-2422-50-1
The Cancellation of Male Guardianship over Women in the Beijing Conference: An Analysis Based on the Quran and Sunnah
Man's guardianship over women is a human instinct and divine wisdom aimed at preserving the family. Meanwhile, the Beijing Convention, which emerged in 1995, called for the abolition of guardianship. The problem addressed in this research is that the Beijing Convention proposed procedures to abolish guardianship, leading to conflict between men and women and the disintegration of the Muslim family. This study employed an inductive and critical analytical approach, aiming to clarify the procedures proposed by the Beijing Convention to strip away guardianship and critique them in light of the Quran and Sunnah. The study concluded with findings that guardianship is a legitimate mandate, with specific regulations that men must adhere to. All doubts raised about guardianship are weak and rebuttable. In light of the study of the Beijing Convention's stance on the abolition of guardianship, it is evident that such abolition would destabilize the structure of the Muslim family and that guardianship preserves women's rights.
Psychological Signs in Marriage Verses: A Quranic Makasid Study
This study aims to uncover the psychological signals embedded in the Qur’anic verses concerning marriage and to demonstrate their impact on building marital relationships and fostering tranquility, affection, and mercy between spouses—reflecting the higher objectives (maqasid) of Islamic marriage legislation. The researcher adopted an inductive-analytical methodology to trace relevant verses, analyze their psychological and legal implications, and connect them to contemporary familial and societal contexts. The findings reveal that Qur’anic legislation on marriage goes beyond formal contracts and external rulings, encompassing profound objectives such as psychological stability, emotional fulfillment, human complementarity, and the preservation of the family unit. The study highlights the central role of psychological dimensions in Qur’anic discourse as a foundation for instilling emotional and behavioral values that ensure the success, continuity, and stability of marital life. The study concludes that the psychological signals in Qur’anic marriage verses are marked by precision and miraculous depth, effectively contributing to the realization of marriage objectives and the reinforcement of family foundations, stability, and happiness. It recommends that contemporary Qur’anic studies be further developed to incorporate psychological, social, and legal dimensions that enhance the objectives of Islamic law within personal status systems.
The Dawah Aspects in the Interpretation of the Holy Quran by Imam Muhammad Rashid Rida: Surah Al-Imran as a Model - An Analytical Study
The interpretation of the Holy Quran holds a pivotal position in clarifying its meanings and guiding its Da'wah (Islamic propagation) message. Tafsir al-Manar (The Beacon Interpretation) by Imam Muhammad Rashid Rida emerges as one of the most prominent modern interpretations, combining authenticity with contemporary relevance, and distinguished by its exceptional attention to aspects of Da'wah. In light of the challenges facing contemporary Islamic Da'wah, this study comes to shed light on the Da'wah methodology presented by the Imam in his interpretation. The fundamental problem lies in the noticeable weakness in contemporary Da'wah reality. Therefore, this research seeks to focus on Surah Al-Imran (The Family of Imran) as an applied model. It aims to address aspects of Da'wah shortcomings among contemporary preachers by relying on the methodology proposed by the Imam, and to derive an integrated Da'wah approach that preachers can benefit from to develop their performance and confront contemporary challenges. Tafsir al-Manar is considered a valuable reference for the integrated Da'wah methodology, as it combines doctrinal, educational, and social dimensions, making it a guiding light for preachers in the modern era.
Systematic Destruction and Contemporary Ecological Crises: A Quranic Maqasid-based Perspective on Environmental Protection
This study aims to analyze existential environmental crises from a Quranic and maqāṣid perspective by relating them to concepts such as ḫilāfa (stewardship) and the prohibition of fasād (corruption). Employing a descriptive‑analytical methodology alongside a maqāṣid‑based inductive approach to derive the Quranic vision, the research reveals that systematic environmental destruction constitutes a flagrant breach of the Quranic injunctions promoting cosmic equilibrium and moderation in consumption. It demonstrates how various forms of human activity—both material and moral—have exacerbated these crises. Furthermore, contemporary scholars of Islamic objectives concur that environmental preservation represents a sharʿī (legal) objective underpinned by texts in the Qur’ān and Sunnah (e.g., the prohibitions against destroying cultivable land and undermining progeny), yet they diverge regarding the mechanisms for actualizing this objective within the broader maqāṣid framework. The originality of the study lies in proposing a practical model that bridges Quranic legislation with modern environmental challenges, illustrating how an Islamic paradigm—rooted in the Qur’ān—offers ethical and legislative solutions to avert ecological collapse.
The Identification of Sidr in Islamic Scripture Based on Elaboration of Turath and its Compatibility with Contemporary Data in Botany
Topics related to plants in Islamic scripture have gained considerable attention in scholarly discussions. The sidr plant is among those that have received particular attention in studies in Southeast Asia. However, the explanations put forward in these studies do not fully correspond to sidr as described in the Arabic books of antiquity (ABA). To address this, this study aims to present an identification of sidr mentioned in the Holy Quran and authentic hadith. The sidr that constitutes the focus of this study is related to worldly life, instead of the Hereafter, which is among divine transcendental subjects. Methodologically, this study employs a qualitative approach using library research to collect data from ABA sources as well as from authoritative contemporary botanical data. The collected data is then interpreted through content analysis to identify sidr. The findings show that the sidr discussed in scriptures refers to two West Asian lote trees bearing the binomial nomenclatures Ziziphus spina-christi and Ziziphus nummularia. Whereas other plants that closely resemble them are classified as ‘unnāb based on the original usage of the Arabic language. This study recommends referring to ABA sources in order to accurately identify the plants mentioned in the Quranic text and hadith. Furthermore, the integration of botanical scientific data with information from ABA can reinforce knowledge about these plants. Accordingly, a correct identification of sidr within the texts can be obtained. Based on the accurate knowledge of the meaning of sidr, any intended research, discourse, product advertising, and ideas that incorporate this plant into a Quranic botanical garden will not be tainted by factual inaccuracies.
Psychospiritual Therapy Based on the Concept of Peace of Soul According to Al-Tafsir Al-Kabir in Dealing with At-Risk Adolescents
At-risk adolescents spiritual weakness is mostly caused by a lack of understanding about faith, worship, and values, which has an impact on their well-being. As a result, the purpose of this article is to highlight the concept of peace of soul through Fakhr al-Din al-Razi’s interpretation of relevant Quranic verses from his work al-Tafsir al-Kabir and its application as Islamic psychospiritual therapy. This study uses a qualitative method, analysing al-Razi’s interpretation and its relationship to the elements of Islamic psychotherapy. The study’s findings indicate that al-Razi’s interpretation of verses about peace of mind could be applied to faith therapy, worship therapy, Sufism therapy, and intellectual therapy when dealing with at-risk youth. This result emphasises the importance of relationships with Allah SWT, such as religion and good deeds, in developing psychological stability. As a result, this study recommends that Islamic Psychotherapy therapy based on al-Razi’s interpretation be used to design more effective and integrated intervention programs for dealing with the psychological difficulties of today's teenagers.
A Relevance Theory Approach to the Pragmatic Interpretation of Surah Al-Mulk
The Qur’ān employs a wide range of rhetorical strategies in conveying its message to humanity, referred to in Arabic as uslūb (plural: asālīb). Among these strategies is the use of interrogative constructions. A considerable number of interrogative verses in the Qur’ān are not intended to function as literal questions; rather, they convey layered and implicit meanings. Inaccurate interpretation of such interrogatives may therefore lead to a distorted understanding of the Qur’ānic message. This study aims to identify interrogative verses in Sūrah al-Mulk and to elucidate both their explicit and implicit meanings within their respective textual contexts. Data analysis is conducted through a pragmatic framework grounded in Relevance Theory as proposed by Sperber and Wilson (1986), adapted to Qur’ānic textual analysis through reference to authoritative classical exegetical works (tafsīr muʿtabar). A total of twelve interrogative verses were identified in Sūrah al-Mulk and selected as the corpus of analysis. The findings reveal that interrogative constructions in Sūrah al-Mulk serve a range of rhetorical functions, including admonition, warning, threat, reproach, and the evocation of fear in the audience. Such usage underscores the aesthetic refinement, semantic depth, and expressive richness of Qur’ānic discourse in guiding human reflection and moral awareness. Accordingly, the ability to discern both the explicit and implicit meanings of Qur’ānic interrogatives is essential for Muslims, in order to avoid misinterpretation of the divine message.
The Development of Qur’ānic Studies in Japan: An Exploratory Overview
This article examines the development of Qur’ān studies, which form the core of Islamic teaching in Japan. Qur’ān education is also viewed as the most effective avenue for spreading the message of da ‘wah to Japanese residents. Considering that Islam is a minority religion in Japan, the strengthening of this education is spearheaded by non-governmental Islamic institutions, including da ‘wah NGOs, mosque institutions, and Islamic schools. This study uses a qualitative exploratory approach focusing on major Islamic institutions such as the Japan Muslim Association (JMA), the Islamic Centre of Japan, the Japan Da’wah Centre (JDC), and the Hokkaido Islamic Society (HIS), which actively organize Qur’ān studies. The main aspects examined include recitation (tilāwah), interpretation (tafsīr), and reflective study (tadabbur) of the Qur’ān, as well as initiatives to translate tafsīr into Japanese as a means of spreading Islam. The findings indicate that Qur’ān studies play an important role in strengthening the Islamic identity of second-generation Japanese Muslims and creating constructive interfaith dialogue. In addition, the efforts to translate and adapt study materials to the Japanese cultural context are seen as effective steps to bring non-Muslim society closer to the teachings of the Qur’ān. The study suggests that Qur’ān study programmes should be reinforced through structured training for instructors, development of bilingual study materials, and empowerment of Islamic institutions as authoritative and inclusive centers of da ‘wah and Islamic education.
Qurʾānic Theologoumena in Ibn Al-Layth’s Missive to Byzantium: Scripting the Sīrah in Epistolary Form
By the late eighth century, the Muslim Caliphate sought to exert pressure on the Byzantine Empire by dispatching a warning letter after the Byzantine emperor ceased paying tribute to the Abbasids. Although formally structured as a diplomatic missive, the letter predominantly contained apologetic arguments defending key tenets of the Islamic faith particularly the prophethood of Muḥammad. As a result, some scholars have regarded this letter as a supplementary source for the Sīrah Nabawiyyah. This study aims to examine the theological discourse embedded within the letter and to analyse the rationale behind the inclusion of Qurʾānic references by its author, Ibn al-Layth (d. c. 203/819). It also investigates how Qurʾānic verses operate as rhetorical and theological elements within Abbasid diplomatic letters and assesses how Ibn al-Layth’s usage both aligns with and diverges from other examples of the genre. Employing a qualitative methodology, the research utilizes textual analysis to explore each Qurʾānic verse cited in relation to the Prophet’s early life. These verses are examined within their historical context, with attention given to the evolving contours of Muslim theological thought. The findings suggest that Ibn al-Layth may have adopted rhetorical and epistolary conventions attributed to the Prophet himself, reflecting a broader practice among Muslim courts of reinforcing diplomatic correspondence with appropriate Qurʾānic citations.
Trends and Themes in Al-Quran Teaching and Learning: A Bibliometric Analysis
Qur’anic pedagogy prepares future teachers and students to face modern educational challenges. This study conducts a bibliometric analysis to examine research patterns, trends, sources, authors, institutions, and themes in this field. Data were collected from Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) and analyzed using ScientoPy and VOSviewer. Findings show significant growth in Al-Quran teaching and learning research from 1990 to 2025. “Cumhuriyet Ilahiyat Dergisi” and “Religions” were identified as the most prominent source titles, while frequently used author keywords included Religious Education, Islamic Education, and Quran. The most cited articles focused on Quran teaching, structured literature reviews, and cross-sectional analyses. Overall, This study highlights the need for the discipline to adapt to 21st-century issues, with sustainability and curriculum development emerging as potential areas for future research beneficial to academics, educators, and policymakers.
Qur’anic Rational-Based Proofs of Resurrection: A Thematic Study of Surah Yā Sīn
This study investigates the rational Qur’anic-based proofs of resurrection in the Qur’an with a specific focus on Surah Yā Sīn as a comprehensive model. The research begins with an inductive examination of the general Qur’anic methodology in establishing resurrection, identifying its principal argumentative strategies such as empirical analogies, rational inferences, and moral consequences and traces how classical scholars of Tafsīr and ʿAqīdah engaged with these proofs. It then shifts to a focused analysis of Surah Yā Sīn, assessing whether it embodies the full range of evidentiary types used across the Qur’an. The chapter’s use of narrative devices, sensory analogies, ontological reversals, and appeals to divine power and justice are examined both structurally and thematically. Through this dual approach, the study demonstrates that Qur’anic argumentation for resurrection is not only rationally sound but also evidential of the divine origin of revelation and, by extension, the truthfulness of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). The findings affirm the coherence, universality, and strategic depth of Qur’anic reasoning on one of Islam’s central tenets: the resurrection. It also opens a new horizon for reflecting on the methods of the Qur’an on proving the core existential issues of humanity; including believing in Allah, Resurrection, purpose of life, and Prophethood.
Reassessing Qurʾānic Codification: A Critical Appraisal of Nicolai Sinai’s Methodology
This article reassesses Nicolai Sinai’s account of Qurʾānic codification and situates it within current debates on the textual history of the Qurʾān. It evaluates Sinai’s claim that the consonantal skeleton (rasm) attained closure under the caliph ʿUthmān in the mid-seventh century and examines his use of three evidence streams: Islamic historiography, internal textual analysis, and early epigraphic/manuscript data. To sharpen the appraisal, the study introduces a comparative frame that juxtaposes Sinai’s findings and methods with those of Fred M. Donner and Angelika Neuwirth, who represent influential but distinct approaches to the Qurʾān’s formation. The comparison shows how differing evidentiary priorities and hermeneutic assumptions yield divergent chronologies and mechanisms of fixation. On balance, the material and codicological indicators substantively support an early codification compatible, though not identical, with Donner’s reconstruction and partially convergent with Neuwirth’s canon-formation account. The article contributes the first tightly integrated, method-centred comparison of Sinai with Donner and Neuwirth and proposes explicit evidentiary-weighting criteria—prioritising material over internal textual over narrative sources when in tension—to guide future codification research. It concludes by underscoring how methodological choices decisively shape scholarly reconstructions of when and how the Qurʾān became textually stable.
Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) of Tahfiz Teachers’ Knowledge, Skills and Attitudes in Implementing Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTs)
Tahfiz teachers recognize the importance of applying Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTs) in the process of teaching Hifz al-Quran. The objective of the study is to examine the relationships among knowledge, skills and attitude of tahfiz teachers in implementing HOTs while also investigating whether years of teaching experience and frequency of professional training moderate these relationships. This study uses quantitative research methods. The research sample includes 198 teachers from different tahfiz institution in Malaysia. The data are analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and SPSS Analysis of Moment Structure (AMOS) software. The analysis yields significant direct relationships between knowledge, skills and attitude. However, no significant moderating effects of teaching experience or training frequency were found. These findings highlight that teacher competencies in knowledge, skills and attitude are interdependent and essential for effective HOTs implementation in tahfiz education. This study implies that the SEM related to teachers’ competency will serve as a baseline framework for future research in educational field.
Systematic Literature Review (SLR) on Qur'anic Learning in Indonesia (2014-2024)
This study provides a comprehensive review of research developments on Qur'anic learning in Indonesia during 2014–2024. It aims to map themes, trends, methodological approaches, and challenges while also identifying opportunities for future research. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, data were collected from Google Scholar and Scopus through the Publish or Perish version 8 application with four keywords: "Qur'anic Education in Indonesia," "Learning to Read the Qur'an," "Qur'anic Learning in Indonesia," and "Developments in Qur'anic Learning." From an initial 2,053 documents, screening with PRISMA criteria resulted in 70 English-language journal articles for analysis. Thematic analysis and bibliometric visualization were conducted using VOSviewer to map relationships among keywords, themes, authors, and institutions. The findings reveal two main poles in the literature: the theoretical-critical and the applicative-pedagogical. The theoretical-critical pole addresses Qur'anic interpretation, hermeneutics, gender justice, and contextual readings, while the applicative-pedagogical pole highlights learning strategies, practices in pesantren and Islamic schools, educational technology, and Qur'an-based curriculum development. These dynamics demonstrate that research over the last decade not only reinforces educational practice but also broadens interpretive perspectives of the sacred text within shifting social contexts. This study contributes by presenting a thematic and trend map of Qur'anic learning in Indonesia and by offering directions for future inquiry. It encourages interdisciplinary and anthropological approaches to better understand Qur'anic learning in its social, cultural, and educational contexts. Such perspectives are expected to enrich academic discourse and enable Qur'anic education to respond more effectively to contemporary transformations.
The Role of Spiritual Prescriptions in Managing Physical Illness: A Study of the ‘Epistle for the Sick’ in Risale-i Nur
This study explores Epistle for the Sick by Bediuzzaman Said Nursi (1877–1960), part of the Risale-i Nur collection, which offers spiritual guidance for managing physical illness through Qur’anic insights. Nursi interprets health and sickness as complementary aspects of human existence, where illness serves as a means of purification, reflection, and closeness to Allah. In the post-COVID-19 era, global health challenges have not only affected the body but also weakened mental and spiritual resilience due to prolonged isolation and fear. Adopting Nursi’s framework, this paper examines illness as a spiritual opportunity rather than a misfortune. Using a qualitative-inductive methodology, data from primary and secondary sources were analyzed thematically. Findings reveal that illness, when viewed through a Qur’anic lens, should not be feared but embraced as a divine blessing that brings lessons, patience, gratitude, and moral refinement. Nursi emphasizes that sickness can serve as an investment for eternal success in the Hereafter, teaching believers reliance on divine mercy and avoidance of sinful behavior. The paper further argues that modern secular educational models, particularly those influenced by Western philosophies, have overshadowed spiritual and moral development. In contrast, Nursi’s Qur’anic perspective promotes balance between material knowledge and spiritual wisdom. His teachings provide a holistic approach to healing—uniting body, mind, and soul. In the post-pandemic context, this spiritual framework offers individuals renewed faith, resilience, and inner peace while underscoring the need for educational reform that integrates Islamic and modern paradigms.
Exploring Quranic Principles and the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Determining a Sustainable Zakat Had Kifayah
This study aims to explore the Qur’anic principles in determining had kifayah and to assess the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in supporting sustainable zakat distribution management. Using a qualitative approach with tafsir mawḍū‘ī (thematic exegesis) and thematic analysis of relevant Qur’anic verses, the study identifies four mains had kifayah principles: basic needs, social justice, economic sustainability, and the determination of asnaf. The findings indicate that the Qur’an emphasizes a balance between worldly and spiritual obligations, fairness in wealth distribution, and the protection of the welfare of those in need. In a modern management context, AI is seen as a complementary tool that can enhance efficiency, transparency, and accuracy in determining had kifayah through data profiling, predictive analytics, and decision-support systems grounded in Islamic values. Therefore, the integration of divine principles and technology can create a more targeted and inclusive zakat ecosystem, aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Digital Al-Qur’an Applications and Artificial Intelligence (AI): An Overview
The rapid growth of digital Quran applications has made Islamic content more accessible; however, issues related to authenticity, usability, and artificial intelligence (AI) integration remain underexplored. Many existing AI-powered tools, particularly chatbots, lack contextual accuracy and alignment with Islamic teachings. This study provides a comprehensive review of the development of digital Quran applications and the integration of artificial intelligence (AI), focusing particularly on chatbot systems. The review begins by identifying relevant Quranic websites and mobile applications, followed by an evaluation of their AI-related features. A set of criteria is applied to assess their authenticity, usability, and alignment with the needs of Muslim users. The core of the study compares the performance of six chatbot systems in responding to ten fundamental Quran-related questions in Malay. Each response is evaluated based on six criteria: factual accuracy, contextual explanation, alignment with Islamic sources, politeness, accessibility, and scriptural references. The findings reveal strengths and weaknesses across platforms and highlight the need for improved, authenticated AI-based Quranic systems. This work ultimately supports the design of more ethical, user-oriented, and shariah-compliant digital Quran platforms, particularly through initiatives like the Quranic AI Data Hub.
Artificial Intelligence Integration in Mobile Applications: Innovation and Challenges in Supporting Quran Memorization and Review
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in mobile applications has emerged as a transformative force in Islamic education, particularly in the practice of Quran memorization and review (murajaah). This descriptive content analysis study critically examines the current state of AI-powered mobile applications designed to support Quranic learning, analyzing technological features, pedagogical innovations, and associated challenges. Through systematic comparative content analysis of eleven major applications, including Qara'a, Tarteel, and other relevant platforms, this study identifies key technological innovations such as voice recognition, natural language processing, and adaptive learning algorithms. The findings reveal the significant potential of these technologies in enhancing traditional Quranic education through personalized learning experiences, real-time feedback mechanisms, and improved global accessibility. However, critical challenges persist in the domains of technical accuracy, particularly related to the linguistic complexities of Classical Arabic, religious sensitivity issues, algorithmic bias, data privacy, and profound ethical and pedagogical considerations. This study contributes to the growing body of literature on educational technology in Islamic contexts and presents a balanced analysis that can guide future development, while proposing a hybrid integration model that harmonizes technological innovation with Islamic scholarly traditions.
Subclass Extraction of Taxonomic Relations Using Large Language Models (LLMs) for Quran Translation Texts
The Qur’an is the primary text of Islam, characterized by a complex textual structure. This presents challenges in understanding verses, semantic search, knowledge extraction, and question-answering systems. Ontology provides a structured approach to addressing these challenges by organizing their information into key ontology elements, such as concepts, relations, and object instances, into a formal, machine-readable format. Manual ontology construction, however, is a time- and labour-intensive task. Therefore, Ontology Learning (OL) supports the ontology construction process through semi-automatic or automatic methods for extracting ontology elements from text. This reduces reliance on manual work and enhances the efficiency of ontology development. Nonetheless, the extraction of subclasses for taxonomic relations, such as 'is-a' or 'part-of', remains a major constraint, especially in texts rich in meaning, such as the Qur’an. These taxonomic relations are usually implicit and difficult to detect. Recent advances in Artificial Intelligence have led to the widespread application of Large Language Models (LLMs) across various domains due to their ability to automate and accelerate ontology construction. However, their potential in Qur’anic studies has not yet been extensively explored. This study aims to evaluate the extraction of subclass taxonomic relations in the Qur’an, with a focus on texts related to the Hajj rituals. Experiments were conducted using GPT-4.0, powered by LLMs, employing the Chain of Thought (CoT) prompting strategy. The evaluation of subclass taxonomic relation extraction using LLMs showed varying performance. The model achieved the highest precision for the Location class, with a precision (P) of 0.80 and a recall (R) of 0.57, followed by moderate performance for Living Creation, with a precision (P) of 0.66 and a recall (R) of 0.40. Although no correct subclass taxonomic relations were identified for some classes, the LLMs still demonstrated the potential to generate a total of 39 new subclass taxonomic relations across all classes. In conclusion, the use of LLMs in extracting taxonomic relations from Qur’anic text shows promising results for certain classes. The model also demonstrated the capability to generate subclasses beyond the gold standard.
Artificial Intelligence and Digital Transformation in Qur’anic Studies: A Systematic Literature Review
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and digital tools into the lives of Muslim communities has raised important ethical, theological, and socio-economic questions that demand rigorous academic attention. Despite the rapid advancement of digital technologies, research on their implications for Qur’anic studies remains limited and underdeveloped. This article, therefore, conducts a systematic literature review to explore the intersection between AI, digital transformation, and Qur’anic scholarship. It aims to identify dominant themes and research gaps within the existing academic discourse. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted using literature sourced from the Scopus and Web of Science databases, focusing on works published between 2021 and 2025. Following the PRISMA guidelines, 33 relevant articles were identified and analyzed through thematic coding and bibliometric mapping. The findings are categorized into three major themes: (1) Artificial Intelligence and Digital Transformation in Qur’anic Studies, (2) Digital Transformation and Accessibility of Texts and Religious Practice, and (3) Ethical and Philosophical Reflections in the Technological Era. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how Qur’anic studies can evolve through AI and digital transformation while maintaining a commitment to ethical principles and religious values. This systematic review functions to provide a scholarly foundation for future empirical and theoretical research. It also seeks to bridge the gap between technological potential and religious obligations in this era of artificial intelligence and digital transformation.
Exploring the Potential of Artificial Intelligence in Enhancing Quranic Teachers’ Pedagogy: A Systematic Literature Review
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has increasingly gained attention in the field of education as a tool to diversify teaching methods in more interactive ways including within the context of Quranic education. Accordingly, this study aims to analyze the potential of AI in enhancing Quranic pedagogy. Employing a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) guided by the PRISMA protocol, data were collected from articles indexed in Scopus and Web of Science. A total of 39 empirical studies meeting the inclusion criteria were thematically analyzed. The findings reveal that AI holds significant potential in strengthening Quranic pedagogy through: (1) automated assessment systems and Quranic recitation translation, (2) supporting the development of interactive teaching materials, (3) facilitating student progress monitoring, (4) providing simulation tools to train Quranic teachers in pedagogy and (5) fostering collaboration among Quranic educators. Nonetheless, key challenges identified include issues of AI accuracy, limitations in addressing spiritual and moral values and the risk of teachers’ overreliance on technology. Overall, this study underscores that the integration of AI can empower Quranic pedagogy, however its implementation must remain aligned with Islamic values to ensure that technology serves as a supportive tool rather than a replacement for the teacher’s role.
Linguistic Analysis of The Term Al-Maraḍ in The Quran Supported By AI(NLP): An Exegetical Study and Health Implications
This study analyses the term al-maraḍ in the Quran from a linguistic perspective with the support of artificial intelligence (AI), specifically generative language models based on natural language processing (NLP). The aim is to explore the linguistic and semantic structure of the term, assess the interpretive alignment between AI output and classical tafsir, and identify its implications for understanding health in Islam. This qualitative research utilises references from classical tafsir works, scholarly journals, and AI assistance (ChatGPT) to identify the term's occurrences, syntactic patterns, and contextual meanings in the Quran. The findings are organised into three main sections: (i) Distributional Analysis and Morphological Forms of the Term al-Maraḍ in the Qur'an; (ii) Semantic and Linguistic Structure Analysis of al-maraḍ in the Quran, focusing on its forms and usage across contexts; (iii) Interpretive Alignment between Generative AI and Classical Tafsir, evaluating the accuracy of AI-generated meanings against authoritative exegesis and (iv) Implications of Linguistic Analysis for Holistic Health and Digital Tafsir, demonstrating the potential integration of technology and exegetical knowledge in supporting a comprehensive Quranic health concept. This study shows that AI can serve as an effective linguistic tool when thoughtfully integrated with the discipline of traditional tafsir. The originality of this research lies in its AI-assisted qualitative approach for developing an ethical, tradition-grounded framework for digital tafsir.
Reconstructing Artificial Intelligence Ethics through Qur’anic Values of Ihsan and Amanah Using Thematic Exegesis
The advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has brought significant benefits to humanity; however, its widespread use has raised critical ethical concerns such as privacy, justice, transparency, and accountability, often without firm grounding in religious or moral values. To date, there is no systematically developed AI ethical framework rooted in the Qur’an, particularly one anchored in the values of ihsan (excellence) and amanah (trust), which are fundamental to human-technology relations. Thematic exegesis (tafsir mawdu‘i) on AI-related issues remains limited, despite its potential to extract Qur’anic principles relevant to addressing contemporary technological challenges. This study aims to analyse the values of ihsan and amanah in the Qur’an using a thematic tafsir approach, to explore their potential as foundational elements of AI ethics, and to propose an initial ethical framework based on Qur’anic values. Employing a qualitative methodology, the study conducts content analysis of selected Qur’anic verses related to ihsan and amanah. The data are then thematically analysed to identify principles applicable within the context of AI development. The findings reveal four main themes of ihsan: (i) ihsan in social and legal matters, (ii) ihsan as a trait of the God-conscious, (iii) ihsan as a Divine imperative and expression of Divine love, and (iv) ihsan as a basis for Divine reward. Meanwhile, amanah emerges in five themes: (i) human responsibility, (ii) governance and leadership, (iii) prohibition of betrayal, (iv) a trait of the faithful, and (v) transactional trust. Collectively, these themes highlight justice, responsibility, and humanity—values that should underpin AI ethics. These principles can guide the development of AI policies and applications aligned with the maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, ensuring that technology evolves justly, transparently, and ethically, while preserving human dignity.
Design of a Technology-Based Pedagogical Module on Surah al-Fatihah and the Three Quls for Deaf Students in the Vocational Stream
Qur'anic education is an essential form of learning for every Muslim around the world. However, its implementation for deaf students remains significantly underdeveloped, particularly among those in vocational education streams. Therefore, this study aims to design a technology-based instructional module focusing on Surah al-Fatihah and the Three Quls (al-Ikhlas, al-Falaq, and al-Nas) tailored for deaf students in vocational programs, utilizing the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM). The objectives of this study are to obtain expert consensus on the module’s goals, content, technological components, activities, and assessment methods. Ten expert panellists were interviewed to develop relevant items based on FDM. The resulting instrument comprised six sections with a total of 52 questionnaire items. These questionnaires were subsequently distributed to 19 experts from various fields to gather consensus. The findings revealed that all items achieved a consensus threshold with a ‘d’ value ≤ 0.2, and over 75% agreement among the panellists. This study provides significant implications for religious education for deaf students in vocational streams. Moreover, the developed module serves as a practical guide for teachers and students in the teaching and learning of the Qur’an for learners with hearing impairments.
Fake News in the Artificial Intelligence Era: Exploring the Concept of Social Media Use Ethics from the Perspective of Al-Quran
The emergence of artificial intelligence has radically changed the landscape of digital communication, particularly in the creation and dissemination of information. However, this advancement also brings significant ethical challenges, particularly in the context of the spread of fake news through social media. Phenomena such as deepfake and the spread of fake news content have triggered a crisis of trust in digital information. Therefore, this study aims to assess the issue of fake news on social media in the era of artificial intelligence (AI) from the perspective of Islamic ethics, focusing on the principles of ethical communication according to the Al-Quran. A qualitative approach was conducted using Quranic translations and content analysis of AI-generated fake news on several online news portals. This article proposes an Islamic communication model, namely the 5P Islamic Digital Communication Model, which emphasizes the aspects of Evaluation, Filtering, Verification, Sharing, and Accountability. This model was developed based on analysis of Quranic verse translations, Maqasid Sharia Principles and AI-generated fake news content analysis. The results of this study are expected to provide guidance in formulating policies and ethics for the use of AI in the digital communication space.
Digital Tabayyun: Integrating the Quran and Artificial Intelligence in Filtering Social Media Information
The Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR4.0) has witnessed rapid advancements in information and communication technology (ICT) platforms. These developments have enabled society to utilise various platforms, particularly social media, more effectively. However, the dissemination of information on social media often occurs without proper filtering processes, contributing to the spread of false news, slander, and social harm. The principle of tabayyun, as outlined in the Quran, emphasises the need to investigate and verify the authenticity of information before it is shared. In today’s digital context, there is a growing need to apply this Quranic principle systematically and efficiently through the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. Therefore, this article analyses the principle of tabayyun from a Quranic perspective and explores its potential integration into AI technology, particularly in filtering and detecting information on social media. This study adopts a qualitative approach through thematic analysis of relevant Quranic verses, as well as a review of existing AI models used for detecting, assessing, and filtering false information. The findings propose a preliminary framework of Digital Tabayyun, an ethical information filtering system grounded in Quranic values and enhanced by AI technology. Ultimately, this article offers an initial contribution towards the development of a revelation-based algorithm to address information challenges in the digital age.
Definition of Period Poverty according to the Quran: An Analysis Based on Tafsir and Natural Language Processing (NLP) Approach
This study analyzes Quranic verses related to menstruation management using an integrative approach that combines classical and modern exegesis as well as Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques. The main objective is to identify the key themes presented by the commentators and to understand the legal and ethical implications of menstruation management from the perspective of the Quran. The main verse analyzed is Surah al-Baqarah (2:222) along with highlights from the interpretations of Ibn Kathir, al-Jalalayn, al-Maraghi, and Pimpinan Ar-Rahman. With the help of NLP methods such as tokenization, frequency analysis, and topic modeling, the study findings show that the approach to menstruation management in the Quran emphasizes aspects of cleanliness, respect for women, and the maintenance of marital relationships. This study also suggests the use of NLP as an aid in the contemporary study of Quranic exegesis. This writing also links the findings to the contemporary phenomenon of period poverty, which is the lack of access to basic menstrual management needs with dignity and proposes a definition of period poverty according to the perspectives of the Quran and Sunnah.
Preserving the Authenticity of Quranic Exegesis Through Artificial Intelligence: A Proposed Framework for Digital Verification
This article explores the potential application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in preserving the authenticity of Quranic exegesis (tafsir) in the digital age. The widespread dissemination of unauthoritative tafsir texts across various online platforms poses significant risks to the Muslim public’s understanding of the Quranic message. To address this, the study proposes an AI-based framework utilizing Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Machine Learning (ML) techniques to filter, match and verify tafsir content against established authoritative sources such as the works of al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr and al-Qurṭubī. Employing a qualitative and conceptual analysis, the framework consists of five core modules including input processing, semantic matching and authentication evaluation. The study further addresses epistemological challenges, model bias risks and underscores the need for human-in-the-loop supervision to ensure scholarly integrity. In conclusion, AI technologies hold significant promise as a complementary tool to traditional scholarly authority in ensuring the trustworthy dissemination of authentic tafsir in the digital Islamic knowledge ecosystem.
Integrating Technology and Tradition: The Importance of Artificial Intelligence in Enhancing Quranic Memorization
This article discusses the importance of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in assisting the memorization of the Quran. Quranic memorization is a vital tradition in Islam, where Muslims memorize and preserve the holy book as a guide to life. With technological advancements, AI has made significant contributions in enhancing the memorization process through machine learning applications, speech recognition, and chatbot technologies. This article also explores the benefits of AI in speeding up memorization, facilitating access to the Quran, and providing accurate assessments of recitation and tajwid. However, the use of AI in Quranic memorization also faces ethical and technical challenges that must be addressed to ensure its sanctity and effectiveness. Finally, this article outlines the future of AI in enhancing the memorization system, which is expected to bring benefits to Muslims worldwide.