Doktrin Permusuhan antara Sahabat dan Ahl al-Bayt dalam Karya-karya Syiah Berbahasa Melayu: Satu Analisis Ringkas

The Doctrine of Hostility between the Companions and Ahl al-Bayt in Malay-Language Shiite Works: A Brief Analysis

Abstract

The concept of the integrity (ʿadālah) of the Companions from the perspective of Malay Shiite works is consistent with the original doctrine of Twelver Shiʿism (Imamiyyah Ithna ʿAshariyyah). The ruling concerning the integrity of the Companions is similar to that applied to others; the mere title of “Companion” does not automatically render them just or immune from evaluation and criticism. Shiʿism considers the Companions’ love or hostility toward the Ahl al-Bayt as the primary criterion for assessing their integrity. This article is written to analyze the doctrine of hostility between the Companions and the Ahl al-Bayt from the perspective of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jamāʿah. Through a documentation method in data collection, the study refers to several selected Malay Shiite works. A comparative method is employed in analyzing the data by contrasting the arguments of Shiʿism with those of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jamāʿah. In general, Malay-language Shiite works cite various narrations portraying the rejection by the Ahl al-Bayt—particularly ʿAlī and his supporters—of the caliphates of Abu Bakr, ʿUmar, and ʿUthmān. Based on this premise, they advance various theories aimed at constructing a perception of hostility and conflict between the Ahl al-Bayt and the Companions. Among these are the theory of a secret conspiracy by the Companions to prevent leadership from falling into the hands of the Ahl al-Bayt, the theory of envy and jealousy toward the virtues of ʿAlī and the Ahl al-Bayt, and the theory of hostility between Banū Hāshim and Banū Umayyah, among others.